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作文指导英语经验之谈
书面表达中形容词与副词的误用
2018年03月22日
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  误:The young man worked very hardly and soon began to get ahead.

  正:The young man worked very hard and soon began to get ahead.

  译:那个年轻人很勤奋,他的事业很快有了进展。

  析:句中修饰work的是副词,hardly虽然是副词,但是意为“几乎不”,所以用hard,意为“努力地”。

  误:Cotton feels softly.

  正:Cotton feels soft.

  译:棉花摸上去很柔软。

  析:feel在此处为系动词,其后应接形容词作表语。

  误:She has no alive relatives.

  正:She has no living relatives.

  译:她没有活着的亲人。

  析:alive是表语形容词,可做后置定语,但是不能做前置定语,所以句子中要用living。

  误:For them enthusiasm is fairly more important than talent.

  正:For them enthusiasm is a lot more important than talent.

  译:对他们来说,热情比才华更为重要。

  析:fairly只能修饰形容词和副词的原级,不能修饰比较级,可用于修饰形容词副词比较级的副词或短语有:a lot, a bit, a little, any, by far, even, far, much, no, rather, still等。

  误:I knew terrible something had happened.

  正:I knew something terrible had happened.

  译:我知道有可怕的事情发生了。

  析:修饰anything, something, everything, nothing等不定代词的形容词都要放在它们的后面,做后置定语。

  误:This building is more taller than that one.

  正:This building is taller than that one.

  译:这幢楼房比那幢楼高。

  析:more只构成比较级,而不能修饰比较级。

  误:The weather here is nicer than Wuhan.

  正:The weather here is nicer than that of Wuhan.

  译:这儿的天气比武汉的天气好。

  析:同样的事物才能相比较,句中的weather和Wuhan不具有可比性,只有“这里的天气”和“武汉的天气”才能放在一起比较。

  误:I’d rather play tennis than swam.

  正:I’d rather play tennis than swim.

  译:我不想游泳,我宁愿去打网球。

  误:She is the most beautiful of the two girls.

  正:She is the more beautiful of the two girls.

  译:她是两个姑娘中较漂亮的那个。

  析:两者相比较时,比较级前用定冠词,三者或三者以上的比较才用most。

  析:句中的词组为would rather do…than do,than后要接动词原形。

  误:The tulip is the more beautiful flower in John’s garden.

  正:The tulip is the most beautiful flower in John’s garden.

  译:郁金香是约翰的花园中最美丽的花朵。

  析:表示“……是……中最……的”时,当句子中修饰的名词是单数的时候,应该用“主语 + be + the + 形容词/ 副词最高级 + 单数名词”表示,不能用比较级。如果要用比较级表达最高级的意思,则可以使用“主语 + be + 形容词 / 副词比较级 + than + any other + 名词单数”来表示。上面的句子也可表达成 Tulip is more beautiful than any other flowers in John’s garden。