中学生英语语法的学习在于更好的听、说、读、写等语言实践活动，因此对语法知识的掌握在学习中非常重要，不容忽视。不少中学生和英语学习者对英语语法的学习和运用深感头痛，并因此对英语产生恐惧感。

通过十几年的英语教学，我发现学生英语作文里语法错误比比皆是。如：I’am very like my mother.→ (我非常想念我的妈妈)

I’am very think you .→（我非常想念你）

At home play computer is my favourite . →（在家玩电脑是我的至爱）

等等诸如此类啼笑皆非的病句随处可见！学生困惑，我也困惑，我一直在究其原因，通过不断的研究和分析，我得出如下体验和看法：

英语和汉语属于两个不同语系，它们有着本质上的不同。这些困惑主要有以下几个方面

（一）对名词数的概念和规则掌握不好

英语中的名词有单数、复数、可数、不可数等形式，其变化形势复杂规则繁多，中学生常常对这些规则的运用不能得心应手，而汉语的名词有没有数的概念，一步强调可数与不可数。如：passer-by →（过路人），woman teachers →（女教师）。有些名词形式上虽然是单数，意义上却是复数。如：police →（警察），cattle→ （牛）。而另一些名词形式上虽然是复数，意义上却是单数。如：news →（消息），works →（著作）等。

（二）冠词的用法相互混淆

虽说英语中只有定冠词和不定冠词，但其用法并非三言两语可以说清，即使掌握一些规律也有不少例外。中国学生对用与不用冠词极其容易混淆。 Can you play the violin?(在于其名词前，用定冠词)

The young has turned writer.(在turn等连系动词后作表语的单数名词前习惯上不加上冠词)

（三）对英语动词的几种形式相互混淆

英语动词是句子的关键。就英语动词分类而言，有及物动词、不及物动词、瞬间动词、延续动词、感官动词、连系动词等，每一类的动词都有各自的用法特征，中国学生常常把不及物动词当做及物动词用，把瞬间动词当做延续动词用。

（误）He has come here for three years.

（正）He has been here for three years.（误）I have bought the computer for a long time

（正）I have had the computer for a long time

就动词的形式而言，非限定动词的时态和语态也令中国学生头痛，因为有些动词要求后面接动名词作宾语，有些动词要求后面接动词不定式作宾语，还有的两者都可以接。

Would you mind opening the window?

I remember seeing him somewhere before.

Please remember to shut the door.

又如，非谓语动词不仅仅跟句子中的主语有直接的逻辑关系，而且还跟非谓语动词做什么状语有关。

（误）Seeing from the top of the hill , the city looks much more beautiful.

（正）Seen from the top of the hill , the city looks much more beautiful.

“see” 的主语应该是人，而不是“the city”，因此要用 “see” 的过去分词形式，表示被动。类似这样的错误在学生中是很常见的。

（四）易混淆动词的时态概念和形式

英语动词的时态有16种，常用的也有9种。虽说他们的形式是固定的，但用法是灵活的。因此中国学生常常把某种时态的用法套在另一种时态的用法上。该用过去时态的地方却用过去完成时态代替，该用过去完成时态的地方却过去时态用代替。

（误）I had met him in the street this morning.

（正）I met him in the street this morning.

（误）I thought you finished your homework.

（正）I had thought you finished your homework.

（误）When I got to the cinema ,the film already began.

（正）When I got to the cinema ,the film had already begun..

（五）对英语被动语态的形式和用法不能运用自如

汉语中比英语被动语态的使用频率相对来说要少得多。中国学生不习惯用英语被动句。汉语的被动句往往就用一个字就可以决定其被动意思，而英语的被动形式不仅与动词本身的形式有关，而且还与时态、语气以及主语与动词的关系有关。

（误）Australia speaks English.

（正）English is spoken in Australia.

（误）What is to do next?

（正）What is to be done next?

（误）I remember taking to Beijing when I was a child.

（正）I remember being taken to Beijing when I was a child.

（六）虚拟语气形式的复杂性和用法的灵活性令中国学生感到困惑

（误）I wish I know the answer now.

（正）I wish I knew the answer now.

（误）If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would meet the scientist.

（正）If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met the scientist.

（误）I suggest he goes to see the doctor at once.

（正）I suggest he (should) go to see the doctor at once.

（七）不用或错用英语连接词

汉语是综合性语言，强调的是“意合”，句语句之间可以不用连词，把种种关系隐含在上下文中：英语是分析性语言，强调的是“行合”，句语句之间或者是主句和从句之间需要一种方式来表达它们之间的句法关系。

（误）Although he is old, but he works hard.

（正）Although he is old, he works hard.

（误）Because he was ill, so he didn’t go to school.

（正）Because he was ill, so he didn’t go to school.

（正）Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school.

（正）He was ill, so he didn’t go to school.

（八）忽视一致性问题

汉语的人称代词和主谓一致问题十分简单，但英语中的人称和主谓一致的问题却比较复杂，令中国学生困惑不已。

（误）Three years in a foreign country seem like a long time.

（正）Three years in a foreign country seems like a long time.

注：主语形式上虽为复数，但意义上视为单数，谓语动词应该为单数形式。

（误）The mother together with her daughter are on the way to school.

（正）The mother together with her daughter is on the way to school.

注：主语是“The mother”而不是“The mother together with her daughter”。因此谓语动词应该为单数形式。

（误）The crowd was fighting for their lives.

（正）The crowd were fighting for their lives.

注：主语形式上虽为单数，但意义上视为复数，谓语动词应该为复数形式。

（九）英语从句形式多且表现形式复杂

英语的从句主要有：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句、状语从句等，每种从句都要求用相应的语法形式。因此牵涉到连词、关系代词、关系副词的选择时，中国学生就很容易混淆；在英语表达时，也往往忽视英语中的连词。

1、 主语从句

（误）If he’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much.

（正）Whether he’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much.

2、表语从句

（误）This is that he want.

（正）This is what he want.

3、定语从句

（误）Everything which he said greatly interested us.

（正）Everything that he said greatly interested us.

4、同位语从句

（误）That fact which the earth travels around the sun is known to all.

（正）That fact that the earth travels around the sun is known to all.

5、状语从句

（误）However you say , I will not change my mind.

（正）Whatever you say , I will not change my mind.